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executive decree
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Most importantly, Art. 13(1)(a) and 13(2) provide for ‘Gesetzesvorbehalt’ – limits to rights and the imposition of duties are generally permissible only by a statute, i.e. an Act of Parliament, not by an
executive decree
– although letters (b) and (c) do water down this original limitation somewhat.
law
décret exécutif
Un ordre officiel émis par le pouvoir exécutif du gouvernement plutôt que promulgué sous forme de loi.
National Constitutions in European and Global Governance: Democracy, Rights, the Rule of Law: National Reports
This two-volume book, published open access, brings together leading scholars of constitutional law from twenty-nine European countries to revisit the role of national constitutions at a time when decision-making has increasingly shifted to the European and transnational level. It offers important insights into three areas. First, it explores how constitutions reflect the transfer of powers from domestic to European and global institutions. Secondly, it revisits substantive constitutional values, such as the protection of constitutional rights, the rule of law, democratic participation and constitutional review, along with constitutional court judgments that tackle the protection of these rights and values in the transnational context, e.g. with regard to the Data Retention Directive, the European Arrest Warrant, the ESM Treaty, and EU and IMF austerity measures. The responsiveness of the ECJ regarding the above rights and values, along with the standard of protection, is also assessed.
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